Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 39
Filter
1.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e245027, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1431133

ABSTRACT

Este artigo versa sobre o processo de desligamento institucional por maioridade de jovens que residem em serviços de acolhimento. Aposta-se em uma política do sensível para visibilizar os encontros e desencontros que acontecem entre as e os jovens e as políticas públicas brasileiras. Para tanto, realizaram-se encontros com jovens que já haviam passado pelo processo de desligamento e com jovens que logo completariam 18 anos e teriam de sair das instituições de acolhimento. Para tornar visíveis essas existências, investiu-se na escrita de biografemas, inspirados na obra de Roland Barthes. Os conceitos de necropolítica e vidas precárias foram fundamentais para compreender as omissões do Estado no momento do desligamento. Verificou-se que o Estado pode maximizar a precariedade de algumas vidas, especialmente daquelas marcadas por características de raça, gênero e classe culturalmente marginalizados. Contudo, é também o encontro com as políticas públicas que garante melhores condições de vida para alguns, facilitando o acesso à universidade e ao mercado de trabalho. A pesquisa aponta que, diante do abandono, as e os jovens se fazem vagalumes, produzindo luminosidades em meio à escuridão e reivindicando o direito à vida.(AU)


This article discusses the process of institutional removal of young people that reside in foster care institutions for reaching adulthood. It relies on a politics of the sensitive to make visible the encounters and mismatches that take place between young people and Brazilian public policies. To do so, meetings were held with young people who had already experienced the removal process and with young people who would soon turn 18 and would have to leave the host institutions. To make these existences visible, this study invested in the writing of biographems, inspired by the works of Roland Barthes. The concepts of necropolitics and precarious lives were fundamental to understand the omissions of the State at the time of removal. It was also found that the State can maximize the precariousness of some lives, especially those marked by culturally marginalized race, gender, and class characteristics. However, it is also the encounter with public policies that ensures better living conditions for some, facilitating access to the university and the labor market. This research points out that, in the face of abandonment, young people become fireflies, producing luminosity amid the darkness and claiming the right to life.(AU)


Este artículo aborda el proceso de desconexión institucional justificado por la edad adulta de los jóvenes que residen en los servicios de acogida. Utilizamos una política sensible para hacer visibles las reuniones y los desajustes que tienen lugar entre los jóvenes y las políticas públicas brasileñas. Con este fin, se celebraron reuniones con los jóvenes que ya habían pasado por el proceso de desconexión institucional y también con los jóvenes que pronto cumplirían los 18 años y tendrían que abandonar las instituciones de acogida. Para hacer visibles estas existencias, se redactaron biografemas, inspirados en el trabajo de Roland Barthes. Los conceptos de necropolítica y vida precaria fueron fundamentales para comprender las omisiones del Estado en el momento de la desconexión. Se encontró que el Estado puede maximizar la precariedad de algunas vidas, principalmente de aquellas marcadas por características de raza, género y clase culturalmente marginadas. Sin embargo, el encuentro con las políticas también puede garantizar mejores condiciones de vida para algunos, facilitándoles el acceso a la universidad y al mercado laboral. Esta investigación señala que, ante el abandono, los jóvenes se convierten en luciérnagas, produciendo luminosidad en medio de la oscuridad y reclamando el derecho a la vida.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Public Policy , Adolescent , Deinstitutionalization , Institutionalization , Orientation , Personal Satisfaction , Pregnancy in Adolescence , Prejudice , Psychology , Safety , Self Concept , Sex Offenses , Social Behavior Disorders , Social Change , Social Control, Formal , Social Problems , Social Responsibility , Social Support , Social Welfare , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Unemployment , Violence , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Child Labor , Biographies as Topic , Bereavement , Child Custody , Adaptation, Psychological , Career Mobility , Charities , Child Abuse , Child Advocacy , Child, Institutionalized , Child Welfare , Organizations , Health , Mental Health , Data Collection , Life Expectancy , Mortality , Adolescent, Institutionalized , Coercion , Homeless Youth , Crime , Criminal Law , Shelter , Armed Conflicts , Culture , Custodial Care , Personal Autonomy , Moral Obligations , Public Power , Death , Law Enforcement , Minors , Vulnerable Populations , Human Rights Abuses , Dependency, Psychological , Growth and Development , Education , Empathy , Employee Discipline , Employment , Social Investment Projects , Resilience, Psychological , Bullying , Racism , Community Integration , Drug Trafficking , Emotional Adjustment , Underage Drinking , Criminal Behavior , Social Segregation , Psychosocial Support Systems , Frailty , Foster Home Care , Survivorship , Recidivism , Freedom , Self-Neglect , Emotional Abuse , Social Interaction , Citizenship , Family Support , Helplessness, Learned , Homicide , Human Rights , Income , Juvenile Delinquency , Malpractice
2.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e247866, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1422413

ABSTRACT

Este estudo é parte de uma ampla investigação sobre a vivência do processo de adoção malsucedida de crianças e adolescentes sob a perspectiva dos adotantes. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas com 11 sujeitos independentes, nove mulheres e dois homens, moradores de diferentes estados do Brasil, que vivenciaram adoções malsucedidas. Buscamos analisar as percepções dos adotantes relacionadas à temporalidade no estabelecimento do vínculo parento-filial nessas adoções. A temporalidade da gestação simbólica foi vivenciada pelos participantes de diferentes formas, podendo ser afetada pela lentidão no processo administrativo e/ou por fantasias e idealizações referentes à origem da criança/adolescente. Tanto a demora quanto a tentativa de agilização do processo de adoção são fatores que podem gerar ansiedade na experiência da gestação simbólica e que não serão amparados no tempo cronológico, afetando o estabelecimento do vínculo parento-filial. Ressaltamos a relevância do cuidado nos períodos iniciais de construção do vínculo parento-filial, considerando a temporalidade particular de cada caso e a história pregressa da criança/adolescente, aspecto que influencia o sucesso do processo de adoção.(AU)


This study is part of a broad investigation about the experience of the unsuccessful adoption process of children and adolescents from the perspective of the adopters. Qualitative research was carried out, based on semi-structured interviews with 11 independent subjects, nine women and two men, living in different states of Brazil, who experienced unsuccessful adoptions. We seek to analyze the perceptions of adopters related to the temporality in establishing the parent-child bond in these adoptions. The temporality of the symbolic gestation was experienced by the participants in different ways, which can be affected by the slowness of the administrative process and/or by fantasies and idealizations regarding the origin of the child/adolescent. Both the delay and the attempt to speed up the adoption process are factors that can generate anxiety in the experience of symbolic gestation and that will not be supported in chronological time, affecting the establishment of the parent-child bond. The relevance of care stands out in the initial periods of parent-child bond construction considering the particular temporality of each case and the child's/adolescent's past history, aspect that influences the success of the adoption process.(AU)


Este estudio es parte de una extensa investigación sobre la experiencia del proceso fallido de adopción de niños y adolescentes desde la perspectiva de los adoptantes. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 11 sujetos independientes, nueve mujeres y dos hombres, residentes en diferentes estados de Brasil, que experimentaron adopciones fallidas. En este trabajo se analizan las percepciones de los adoptantes relacionadas con la temporalidad en el establecimiento del vínculo padre-hijo en adopciones fallidas. La temporalidad del embarazo simbólico fue vivida por los participantes de diferentes formas, las cuales pueden verse afectadas por la lentitud del proceso administrativo y por fantasías e idealizaciones sobre el origen del niño/adolescente. Tanto la demora como el intento de agilizar el proceso de adopción pueden generar ansiedad por la vivencia del embarazo simbólico y que no serán sustentados en el tiempo cronológico, lo que afecta establecer este vínculo. Se enfatiza la relevancia del cuidado en los períodos iniciales de construcción del vínculo considerando la temporalidad particular de cada caso y la historia pasada del niño/adolescente, un aspecto que influye en el éxito del proceso de adopción.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Time , Adoption , Child, Adopted , Object Attachment , Prejudice , Race Relations , Rejection, Psychology , Risk-Taking , Shame , Social Adjustment , Social Problems , Social Sciences , Sociology , Wounds and Injuries , Child Abuse, Sexual , Pregnancy , Bereavement , Illegitimacy , Child , Child, Abandoned , Child Abuse , Child, Institutionalized , Child Welfare , Family Characteristics , Child of Impaired Parents , Adolescent , Process Assessment, Health Care , Parenting , Communication , Crime Victims , Disabled Children , Affect , Moral Obligations , Adult Children , Aggression , Growth and Development , Drug Users , Fear , Emergency Shelter , Social Discrimination , Social Oppression , Family Separation , Frustration , Sadness , Psychological Distress , Home Environment , Guilt , Jurisprudence , Legal Guardians , Malpractice , Morals , Motivation
3.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e262428, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529203

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a experiência de alguns professores ao lecionar projeto de vida durante a implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida no estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório. Participaram do estudo sete professoras que lecionavam o componente curricular Projeto de Vida em duas escolas públicas, de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, escolhidas por conveniência. Foram utilizados o Questionário de Dados Sociodemográficos e o Protocolo de Entrevista Semiestruturada para Projeto de Vida de Professores, elaborados para este estudo. As professoras foram entrevistadas individualmente, on-line, e as entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e vídeo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise temática. Os resultados indicaram possibilidades e desafios em relação à implementação do componente curricular Projeto de Vida. Constatou- se que a maioria das docentes afirmou que escolheu esse componente curricular devido à necessidade de atingir a carga horária exigida na rede estadual. As professoras criticaram a proposta, os conteúdos e os materiais desse componente curricular. As críticas apresentadas pelas professoras estão em consonância com aquelas presentes na literatura em relação à reforma do Ensino Médio e ao Inova Educação. Esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de formação tanto nos cursos de licenciatura quanto em ações de formação continuada, para que os professores se sintam mais seguros e preparados para lecionar o componente curricular Projeto de Vida na Educação Básica. Propõe-se uma perspectiva de formação pautada na reflexão e na troca entre os pares para a construção de um projeto coletivo da escola para o componente Projeto de Vida.(AU)


This study aimed to know the experience of some teachers when teaching life purpose during the implementation of the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in the state of São Paulo. A qualitative, exploratory research was carried out. Seven teachers who taught the curricular component "Life Purpose" (Projeto de Vida) in two public schools in a city in the inland state of São Paulo, chosen for convenience, participated in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire and the Semi-structured Interview Protocol for Teachers' Life Purposes, developed for this study, were used. The teachers were interviewed individually, online, and the interviews were recorded in audio and video. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicated possibilities and challenges regarding the implementation of the Life Purpose curricular component. It was found that most teachers chose this curricular component due to the need to reach the required workload in the state network. The teachers criticized the proposal, the contents and the materials of this curricular component. Teacher's critics are in line with the criticisms present in the literature regarding the reform of High School and Inova Educação. Therefore, training is essential, both in undergraduate courses and in continuing education actions, so that teachers can teach the curricular component Life Purpose in Basic Education. A training perspective based on reflection and exchange between peers is proposed for the construction of a collective school project for the Life Purpose component.(AU)


El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la experiencia de algunos profesores al enseñar proyecto de vida durante la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en el estado de São Paulo. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria. Participaron en el estudio siete profesores que impartían el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en dos escuelas públicas en un municipio del estado de São Paulo, elegidos por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y el protocolo de entrevista semiestructurada para proyectos de vida de profesores, desarrollados para este estudio. Las entrevistas a los profesores fueron en línea, de manera individual, y fueron grabadas en audio y video. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis temático. Los resultados indicaron posibilidades y desafíos en relación a la implementación del componente curricular Proyecto de Vida. La mayoría de los profesores declararon elegir este componente curricular por la necesidad de alcanzar la carga horaria requerida en la red estatal. Los profesionales criticaron la propuesta, los contenidos y los materiales de este componente curricular. Las críticas presentadas están en línea con las críticas presentes en la literatura respecto a la reforma de la educación básica e Inova Educação. Por lo tanto, la formación es fundamental, tanto en los cursos de grado como en las acciones de educación permanente, para que los profesores puedan impartir el componente curricular Proyecto de Vida en la educación básica. Se propone una formación basada en la reflexión y el intercambio entre pares para la construcción de un proyecto escolar colectivo en el componente Proyecto de Vida.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Work , Life , Education, Primary and Secondary , Projects , Faculty , Organization and Administration , Organizational Innovation , Orientation , Perception , Politics , Problem Solving , Professional Competence , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Public Policy , Aspirations, Psychological , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Self Concept , Self-Evaluation Programs , Social Change , Social Conditions , Social Responsibility , Social Values , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Technology , Thinking , Behavior , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Population Characteristics , Mentors , Adaptation, Psychological , Organizational Culture , Family , Schools, Public Health , Adolescent , Employment, Supported , Workplace , Interview , Time Management , Cognition , Concept Formation , Congresses as Topic , Creativity , Disaster Vulnerability , Cultural Characteristics , Culture , Moral Obligations , Decision Making , Education , Education, Professional , Educational Measurement , Employee Incentive Plans , Methodology as a Subject , Ethics, Professional , Professional Training , Planning , Process Optimization , Pandemics , Remuneration , Hope , Mindfulness , Social Skills , Social Capital , Optimism , Teacher Training , Academic Performance , Freedom , Mentalization , Respect , Teleworking , Interprofessional Education , Social Interaction , COVID-19 , Sociodemographic Factors , Citizenship , Human Development , Interpersonal Relations , Learning , Methods
4.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 40(4): 764-778, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142440

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción. Las características controversiales de la tamización neonatal influenciadas por consideraciones bioéticas hacen compleja su implementación. Colombia no es ajena a esta situación y las circunstancias locales complican el panorama. Objetivo. Determinar cómo se abordan en el contexto local las controversias bioéticas en torno a la tamización neonatal como fundamento de las deliberaciones sobre el deber ser de esta actividad en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó una encuesta en el marco de un estudio interpretativo con dos componentes de análisis, uno descriptivo y otro deliberativo, en torno a los valores expuestos por funcionarios del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Resultados. La oferta obligatoria de la tamización por parte de la nación, independientemente del costo de oportunidad y el consentimiento para el uso de sus resultados y de las muestras residuales en la investigación, no suscitaron controversias, pero sí el tipo de información y la autorización para hacer la tamización. Los funcionarios con mayor experiencia expresaron su preferencia por una tamización obligatoria (17,7 Vs. 11,79 años en promedio; p=0,007). Sorpresivamente, a pesar del riesgo de discriminación, teniendo como fin el neonato, hubo acuerdo en entregar toda la información a padres e historia clínica. Otro aspecto controversial fue la identificación de los pacientes en el seguimiento, frente a lo cual los funcionarios de mayor experiencia en aspectos bioéticos prefirieron el uso de códigos (4,5 Vs. 1,26 años en promedio; p=0,009). En este contexto, estrategias como el disentimiento informado, el asesoramiento especializado o los programas de salud pública que aprecien la diversidad permitirían rescatar valores, incluso aquellos aparentemente opuestos. Conclusión. La aproximación local al deber ser de la tamización neonatal desde una perspectiva bioética deliberativa permitió ajustar una propuesta para su implementación.


Abstract: Introduction: The controversial characteristics of neonatal screening influenced by bioethical considerations make its implementation complex. Colombia is not an exception in this sense and local circumstances complicate the panorama. Objective: To establish how bioethical controversies on neonatal screening are approached at a local level as a basis for deliberating on the must-be of this activity in Colombia. Materials and methods: A survey immersed in an interpretative investigation with descriptive and deliberative components of analysis was applied to approach the values exposed by officials of the Colombian Instituto Nacional de Salud. Results: The compulsory offer of screening by the nation, regardless of its opportunity cost and the consent for the use in research of results and residual samples, were not controversial, but, in contrast, the type of information and the consent to authorize screening did arise controversy. The more experienced officials preferred mandatory screening (17.7 vs. 11.79 years on average, p=0.007). Surprisingly, despite the risk of discrimination, keeping the neonate as the purpose, there was agreement on giving all the information to parents and medical records. Another controversial aspect was the follow-up of cases without hiding their identification where officials with more experience in bioethical aspects preferred the use of codes (4.5 vs. 1.26 years on average, p=0.009). In this context, strategies such as informed dissent, specialized advice or public health programs that appreciate diversity would allow to rescue even seemingly opposite values. Conclusion: A local approach regarding what ought to be in neonatal screening based on a deliberative bioethical perspective allowed to present an implementation proposal for this activity.


Subject(s)
Bioethics , Neonatal Screening , Social Justice , Personal Autonomy , Moral Obligations , Beneficence
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(11)nov. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389250

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the vulnerability of the human being in their existential and medical fields. A feeling of uncertainty of an overwhelming and ominous nature indicates that dying is inherent for the human condition, a feeling that is daily hidden behind the mask of a casual, unexpected, random event. The possibility of dying from the viral disease revealed that the essence of man as being-in-the-world is ethical or self-assumption and is expressed through an original rather than a moral conscience, which calls for authenticity, to listen to its nihility as being-referred-to-death. The medical ethical principles based on rights and duties need to be perfected by the ethics of virtues in accordance with the current challenges, requiring a transformation of the moral self of the doctor. A moral failure of duty is inevitable for medicine, it will never reach its final realization.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Virtues , Moral Obligations , Ethics, Medical , SARS-CoV-2 , Morals
6.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(supl.3): 197-203, 2019. graf
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1057721

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the nurses' moral deliberation in the face of an ethical problem involving breastfeeding. Method: Qualitative study based on the methodological theoretical framework of deliberative bioethics. Data collection was through a vignette-based interview and results were organized by thematic analysis. Results: Nurses tend to take over intermediate courses of action, although extreme courses of action are found as well. Final considerations: When they tend to take extreme courses of action, nurses approach decisions focused on the child welfare to the detriment of the mother's need as a working woman.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la deliberación moral de los enfermeros que enfrentan un problema ético relacionado con la lactancia materna. Método: Investigación cualitativa, basada en el marco teórico metodológico de la bioética deliberativa. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante una entrevista basada en viñeta y los resultados se organizaron mediante el análisis temático. Resultados: Los enfermeros tienden a tomar cursos de acción intermedios, sin embargo, se encuentran cursos de acción extremos. Consideraciones finales: Cuando tienden a tomar cursos de acción extremos, los enfermeros abordan las decisiones sobre el bienestar del niño, en detrimento de las necesidades de la madre como mujer trabajadora.


RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a deliberação moral de enfermeiros diante de um problema ético envolvendo o aleitamento materno. Método: Estudo qualitativo, fundamentado no referencial teórico-metodológico da bioética deliberativa. A coleta de dados foi através de entrevista orientada por vinheta e os resultados foram organizados por análise temática. Resultados: Os enfermeiros tendem a assumir cursos de ações intermediários, todavia, são encontrados cursos de ação extremos. Considerações finais: Quando tendem a cursos de ação extremos, os enfermeiros acercam-se das decisões voltadas para o bem-estar da criança, em detrimento das necessidades da mãe, enquanto mulher trabalhadora.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Child Care/psychology , Moral Obligations , Nurses/psychology , Breast Feeding/psychology , Child Care/organization & administration , Child Care/trends , Decision Making , Qualitative Research , Ethics, Nursing , Nurses/trends
7.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400187

ABSTRACT

En el mundo contemporáneo la tecnología y, especialmente, las redes sociales, han ganado un lugar preponderante en la vida cotidiana de las personas, imprimiendo modificaciones tanto en las conductas como en los lazos sociales. No obstante, se mantiene el particular de época regido por el sistema jurídico, el valor del dinero, las clases sociales, etc. Ahora bien, ¿qué pasaría si la tecnología disponible y las normas sociales propiciaran un nuevo orden de aceptación y ascenso social? ¿Qué sucedería si la fascinación que producen las redes sociales fuese aprovechada por el poder mercantil elevándola a su máxima potencia, empleando así la popularidad como elemento de selección y pertenencia a un grupo de elite? A partir del episodio "Nosedive", nos proponemos analizar, a través de su protagonista Lacie, algunas cuestiones en relación con el uso de la tecnología y el impacto en la subjetividad, poniendo el foco en la responsabilidad del sujeto.


In our world, technology and social networks have earned a central place in people's daily life, producing modifications in their actions and in their social bonds. Nevertheless, the moral of our time continues to be ruled by the juridical system, the value of money, the social classes, etc. What would happen if the available technology and the social rules produced a new order of acceptance and social ascension? What would happen if the fascination on the social networks was seized by the power of the market to raise it to the maximum degree and to use popularity as a tool of selection and belonging to an elite group? We will analyze the episode "Nosedive", through the vicissitudes of the main character, Lacie, to pose some questions as regards the use of technology and the impact in subjectivity, by placing the focus of interest in the responsibility of the subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mass Media , Technology , Capitalism , Moral Obligations , Social Networking
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(4): 518-522, abr. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961423

ABSTRACT

When prescribing a treatment, the physician should give truthful information about the likely benefits and the potential adverse effects, allowing the patient to make an autonomous decision about whether to take the treatment. However, the mere expectation of adverse effects may precipitate the corresponding symptoms. This is called "nocebo effect", which in contrast to the placebo effect, can lead to harm to the patient due to psychological factors. Nocebo effects are common and clinically significant, although often unnoticed. This situation generates conflicts in medical ethics guiding principles, namely the moral obligation to disclose all possible effects of the prescribed drug as opposed to the duty of avoiding the harm of side effects that are likely to occur in a case. In other words, the physician faces a dilemma between the due respect for autonomy and the duty of non-maleficence. This article reflects about this conflict, by exploring the limits of the principle of autonomy and how to balance it with the principle of non-maleficence. We suggest an interpretation of the principle of autonomy from a patient-centered perspective, suggesting that it is ethically sound to give a prudential, partial disclosure of information to the patient, for the sake of avoiding potential nocebo effects. The article concludes with some cautionary considerations to be considered about this decision.


Subject(s)
Humans , Disclosure/ethics , Ethical Analysis , Ethics, Medical , Nocebo Effect , Personal Autonomy , Moral Obligations , Decision Making/ethics
9.
Rev. gaúch. enferm ; 38(4): e63060, 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-960781

ABSTRACT

Resumo OBJETIVO Verificar a aplicabilidade da Moral Distress Scale adaptada no cenário da enfermagem em hemato-oncologia de um hospital universitário. MÉTODO Estudo transversal realizado com 46 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil, com coleta de dados no período de dezembro/2014 a março/2015 por meio da Moral Distress Scale adaptada. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados análise fatorial, alfa de Cronbach e estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS A análise fatorial resultou no agrupamento de 26 questões validadas emtrês fatores, Falta de Competência da Equipe, Negação do Papel da Enfermagem como Advogada do Paciente e Desrespeito à Autonomia do Paciente. O alfa de Cronbach do instrumento foi 0,98. CONCLUSÃO Constatou-se que a Moral Distress Scale adaptada apresenta-se como uma ferramenta adequada para identificação do sofrimento moral nos trabalhadores de enfermagem de hemato-oncologia.


Resumen OBJETIVO Verificar el aplicabilidad de la Moral Distress Scale adaptada en el entorno de enfermería en hemato-oncología de un hospital universitario. MÉTODO Estudio transversal con 46 trabajadores de enfermería de un hospital universitario en el sur de Brasil, con la recogida de dados a partir de diciembre/2014 a marzo/2015 mediante la Moral Distress Scale adaptada. Para el análisis de datos se utilizo el análisis factorial, alfa de Cronbach y la estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS El análisis de factores resultó en el grupo de 26 preguntas validadas en tres factores: Falta de competência del equipo de trabajo, Negación del papel de la enfermería como abogada del paciente y Falta de respeto a la autonomía del paciente. Alfa de Cronbach del instrumento fue de 0,98. CONCLUSIÓN Se encontró que la Moral Distress Scale adaptada se presenta como una herramienta adecuada para identificar la angustia moral en los trabajadores de enfermería de hemato-oncología.


Abstract OBJECTIVE To verify the applicability of the adapted Moral Distress Scale in the nursing setting of the hemato-oncology sector of a university hospital. METHOD Cross-sectional study conducted with 46 nursing workers of a university hospital in the southern region of Brazil with data collected between December 2014 and March 2015 by means of the adapted Moral Distress Scale. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Factor analysis resulted in a group of 26 questions validated based on three factors: Lack of Competence in the Team, Denial of the Nursing Role as the Patient's Advocate, and Disrespect for the Patient's Autonomy. Cronbach's alpha of the instrument was 0.98. CONCLUSION This study showed that the adapted Moral Distress Scale is an appropriate instrument for the identification of moral distress in nursing workers in the hemato-oncology area.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , Oncology Service, Hospital , Moral Obligations , Nursing Assistants/psychology , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Oncology Nursing/ethics , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Brazil , Adaptation, Psychological , Cross-Sectional Studies , Conflict, Psychological , Physician-Nurse Relations , Emotions , Hospitals, University , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/nursing , Nurse-Patient Relations
10.
Psychol. av. discip ; 9(1): 59-69, ene.-jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-765543

ABSTRACT

Se analiza la probable relación entre gratitud, medida por la Escala de gratitud desarrollada por Alarcón y la felicidad, medida por la Escala de felicidad de Lima, ambas desarrolladas por el mismo autor. El estudio es de tipo sustantivo, con un diseño transeccional causal predictivo en el que participaron 300 personas, 147 varones y 153 mujeres, con edades entre 20 y 30 años, que se encuentran estudiando en universidades públicas y privadas de Lima Metropolitana. Entre los principales resultados observamos que los factores de la gratitud, reciprocidad y obligación moral correlacionan positiva y significativamente con la felicidad (r = .294, p < .01; r = .293, p < .01), así como con los factores sentido positivo de la vida, satisfacción con la vida y realización personal de la Escala de felicidad. El agradecer el beneficio recibido y la satisfacción que esto conlleva tiende a estar relacionado con actitudes y experiencias positivas hacia la vida, satisfacción por lo que se ha alcanzado y la autosuficiencia y tranquilidad emocional. Cualidad sentimental se relaciona positiva y significativamente con la felicidad (r = .218, p < .05) y con satisfacción con la vida. Entre la gratitud y la felicidad no se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre varones y mujeres. Para determinar cuál o cuáles de los factores de la gratitud predicen mejor la felicidad, se ha realizado un análisis de regresión múltiple, identificando que la variable reciprocidad explica el 8.7 % de la varianza total de la variable felicidad. En conclusión, se observa que gratitud y felicidad correlacionan positiva y significativamente (r=.318, p < .01).


Probable relationship between gratitude, as measured by the Scale developed by Alarcón gratitude and happiness, as measured by the Scale of Happiness Lima, is analyzed both developed by the same autor. The study is substantive in nature, with a predictive causal trans design in which 300 people, 147 males and 153 females, aged between 20 and 30 who are studying in public and private universities in Lima. Among the main results we note that the factors of gratitude, reciprocity and moral obligation positively and significantly correlated with happiness (r = .294, p < .01; r = .293, p < .01), as well as factors positive sense of life, life satisfaction and fulfillment of happiness scale. The benefit received thanks and satisfaction that entails tends to be related to positive experiences and attitudes towards life, satisfaction with what has been achieved and self-reliance and emotional tranquility. Emotional quality is positively and significantly associated with happiness (r = .218, p < .05) and satisfaction with life. Between gratitude and happiness no statistically significant differences between men and women are observed. To determine which of the factors best predict Gratitude happiness, there has been a multiple regression analysis, identifying varying reciprocity explains 8.7% of the total variance of the happiness variable. In conclusion, it appears that gratitude and happiness positively and significantly correlated (r = .318, p < .01).


Subject(s)
Personal Satisfaction , Social Desirability , Moral Obligations , Happiness , Attitude , Regression Analysis , Total Quality Management , Morale , Occupational Groups
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(12): 1578-1583, dic. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-705578

ABSTRACT

This article aims to analyze, from a legal perspective, the boundaries of the obligation imposed on health care providers to inform the patient. This requirement originated and was developed as an ethical issue. However, with the newly approved law regulating the rights and duties of patients, the obligation to inform can be viewed from prisms and principles that differ from those governing medical ethics. With this purpose, we will focus on the comparative experience, which will allow us to evaluate the responsibility of health care providers when this duty is breached. We will try to answer the following questions: Which medical information must be informed to the patient? When should the doctor inform the patient? In which form should this information be provided?.


Subject(s)
Humans , Informed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence , Moral Obligations , Patient Education as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence , Physician-Patient Relations , Consent Forms/legislation & jurisprudence , Patient Rights/legislation & jurisprudence
12.
Rev. latinoam. enferm ; 21(spe): 79-87, Jan.-Feb. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-666760

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the frequency and intensity of moral distress experienced by nursing personnel in southern Brazil, covering elements of their professional practice. METHOD: a survey was undertaken in two hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with 247 nurses. Data was collected by means of the adapted Moral Distress Scale. RESULTS: the perception of situations that lead to moral distress is enhanced in nurses and in nursing staff working in institutions with greater openness to dialogue, which hold team meetings, with fewer working hours and a greater ratio of professionals to patients. CONCLUSION: understanding moral distress allows us to go beyond solving the problems of the workers themselves, enabling the development of an ethics of active individuals and wide opportunities, defined mainly by the relationship with oneself.


OBJETIVO: analisar a frequência e a intensidade de sofrimento moral vivenciado por trabalhadores de enfermagem do Sul do Brasil, contemplando elementos do seu cotidiano profissional. MÉTODO: survey realizado em dois hospitais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com 247 profissionais de enfermagem. A coleta dos dados ocorreu mediante aplicação da adaptação do Moral Distress Scale. RESULTADOS: a percepção de situações que conduzem ao sofrimento moral é intensificada em enfermeiros e em trabalhadores de enfermagem que atuam em instituições com maior abertura ao diálogo, realizam reuniões de equipe e têm menores jornadas de trabalho. Essa percepção também é intensificada quando se observa maior relação no número de profissionais por pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: compreender o sofrimento moral permite ir além da resolução dos problemas dos próprios trabalhadores, possibilitando a elaboração de uma ética de sujeitos ativos e de amplas possibilidades, definidas principalmente pelas relações consigo mesmos.


OBJETIVO: analizar la frecuencia e intensidad del sufrimiento moral vivido por los profesionales de enfermería del sur de Brasil, abarcando los elementos de su rutina profesional. MÉTODO: investigación survey en dos hospitales, con 247 profesionales de enfermería. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante aplicación de la adaptación del Moral Distress Scale. RESULTADOS: la percepción de situaciones que conducen al sufrimiento moral es intensificada en enfermeros; en trabajadores de enfermería que actúan en instituciones con mayor apertura al dialogo, que realizan reuniones de equipo, con menos horas de trabajo y mayor relación del número de profesionales por paciente. CONCLUSIÓN: entender el sufrimiento moral permite ir más allá de la resolución de los problemas de los propios trabajadores, lo que posibilita la elaboración de una ética de sujetos activos y de amplias posibilidades, definidas principalmente por la relación consigo mismo.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Burnout, Professional , Moral Obligations , Nurses/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
13.
Rev. enferm. neurol ; 11(3): 163-169, sep.- dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1034711

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este ensayo es conocer las responsabilidades y obligaciones de los cuidadores desde diferentes disciplinas; esta reflexión busca influir en el cuidador para evitar complicaciones.


The objective of this paper know the responsibilities and obligations of caregivers from different disciplines; this reflection influences the caregiver to avoid complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Caregivers/trends , Caregivers , Moral Obligations
15.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 20(2): 201-208, maio-ago. 2012.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-655431

ABSTRACT

La falacia terapéutica tiene servido para negar la legítima esperanza de pacientes ?sujetos de investigación? que se incorporan a estudios clínicos Fase III para obtener beneficios clínicos directos. Esta ?falacia? busca ratificar los esfuerzos de investigadores en negar la diferencia entre estudios terapéuticos que benefician directamente los afectados e estudios no terapéuticos, que incorporan sujetos a investigaciones totalmente aisladas de sus necesidades. En países con populaciones pobres, precaria educación y acceso a servicios médicos, se intentan reclutar participantes ofreciendo terapias no disponibles localmente; obvio abuso das legítimas esperanzas de estos pacientes de acceder a estas indispensables terapias que les son prometidas al interior de las investigaciones. Así, la falacia terapéutica torna-se un modo de justificar a negativa de ofrecer beneficios médicos a los reclutados constituyendo sesgo de trasgresión ética, especialmente nos países en los cuales el participante no tienen expectativa de tratamiento. Esta justificada expectativa de los reclutados que ingresan en estudios clínicos aleatorios es argumento adicional contra el uso de placebo.


A falácia terapêutica tem servido para negar a legítima esperança de pacientes ?sujeitos da pesquisa? que se incorporam a estudos clínicos Fase III para obter benefícios clínicos diretos. Esta ?falácia? busca ratificar os esforços de pesquisadores em negar a diferença entre estudos terapêuticos que beneficiam diretamente os afetados e estudos não terapêuticos, que incorporam sujeitos a pesquisas totalmente distanciadas de suas necessidades. Em países com populações pobres, precária educação e acesso a serviços médicos, se tentam recrutar participantes oferecendo terapias não disponíveis localmente; óbvio abuso das legítimas esperanças destes pacientes terem acesso às indispensáveis terapias, prometidas pelas pesquisas. Assim, a falácia terapêutica torna-se um modo de justificar a negativa de oferecer benefícios médicos aos recrutados constituindo viés de transgressão ética, especialmente nos países nos quais o participante não tem expectativa de tratamento. Esta justificada expectativa daqueles que ingressam em estudos clínicos randomizados constitui argumento adicional contra o uso de placebo.


The therapeutic misconception has been described as the ?research subjects? unwarranted expectations of obtaining medical benefits by participating in clinical trials. Thus, researchers have found a new conceptual instrument to deny that research ought to be of benefit to subjects involved, once again disregarding the difference between therapeutic and non therapeutic clinical trials. This paper argues that patients involved in research are justified and in fact entitled to expect therapeutic benefits from their participation in research protocols, because the sick should only be recruited for such therapeutic trials as designed to improve their medical condition, and ought never to be involved in non therapeutic research and the risks involved. Insisting that therapeutic expectations research subjects constitute a misguided and erroneous attitude, is an unethical bias when applied to countries with precarious medical services. Subjects with unmet medical needs will willingly participate in research that might be the only way of obtaining badly required medication, an expectation that is obviously understandable and in no way fallacious. These justified expectations will be thwarted in those who randomly fall into the control group, thus delivering an additional argument against the use of placebos.


Subject(s)
Research , Clinical Trial , Moral Obligations , Research Subjects , Therapeutic Misconception , Human Experimentation
16.
Medwave ; 12(5)jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-715799

ABSTRACT

El fenómeno complejo de la globalización, considerado por muchos como la principal característica de las sociedades contemporáneas, no está exento de contradicciones y cuestionamientos de tipo analítico-conceptual, así como éticas y políticas. En este sentido se pueden distinguir por lo menos tres clases de interpretaciones del fenómeno: como una continuidad, entendida como desarrollo y radicalización de los contenidos de la modernidad; como una ruptura con relación a ésta; o como una hibridación entre ruptura y continuidad. Es en este contexto dialéctico, en medio de un mundo globalizado, que debe inscribirse la cuestión de si existe o no el deber moral de cualquier ciudadano de participar en una investigación científica que involucre a seres humanos. Pero para poder responder de manera argumentativamente satisfactoria, se debe analizar el significado de estos posibles nuevos deberes del ciudadano, requeridos por el sistema-mundo en rápida transformación y complejización. Este sistema es al mismo tiempo más integrado y mas diferenciado -e indicado por los términos polisémicos globalización y ciudadanía-, considerando que este tipo de deberes implican, en principio, la mejoría del estado de salud y del bienestar de individuos y poblaciones humanas, pero que pueden implicar también efectos ética y políticamente cuestionables, debiendo considerarse tales deberes como siendo tan solo deberes prima facie.


The complex phenomenon of globalization, considered by many as the main feature of contemporary societies, is not without contradictions and questions of type analítico-conceptual, as well as ethics and policies. At least three kinds of interpretations of the phenomenon can be distinguished in this sense: as a continuity, understood as development and radicalization of the contents of modernity; as a break in relation to it; or as a hybridization between rupture and continuity. It is in this dialectical context in a globalized world, which must become the question of whether or not there is the moral duty of every citizen to participate in a research involving human beings. But to answer argumentativamente satisfactorily, the meaning of these possible new duties of the citizen, required by the world system in rapidly changing and ever should be discussed. This system is at the same time more integrated and more differentiated - and indicated by the polysemic words globalization and citizenship-, considering that this type of duties involve, in principle, the improvement of the State of health and well-being of individuals and populations, but that they can also involve ethically and politically questionable effects, these duties shall be considered as being only duties prima facie.


Subject(s)
Biomedical Research , Internationality , Moral Obligations , Bioethics
18.
Asian Oncology Nursing ; : 175-185, 2012.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-119187

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This micro-ethnographic study aimed to understand coping experiences of Korean-American (K-A) women after diagnosis with breast cancer due to a hereditary gene mutation. METHODS: Participatory observation and in-depth interviews were performed at one breast cancer screening center in Southern California, in 2005 with eleven first generation K-A immigrant women. All transcribed interviews and field notes were analyzed using ethnographic methodology. RESULTS: K-A women's experience varied based on acculturation risk factors including: limited English speaking ability; disrupted family relationships, individualistic family values, or intergenerational communication barriers; lack of Korean speaking nurses; and Korean physicians' who lacked knowledge about hereditary breast cancer risk. These risk factors led to isolation, loneliness, lack of emotional and social support. In comparison to Korean homeland women in a similar medical situation, these K-A immigrants felt disconnected from the healthcare system, family support and social resources which increased their struggling and impeded coping during their survivorship journey. These women were not able to access self-support groups, nor the valuable resources of nurse navigator programs. CONCLUSION: Professional oncology associations for nurses and physicians have a moral obligation to support and promote knowledge of hereditary cancer risk and self-help groups for non-native speaking immigrants.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Acculturation , Asian , Breast , Breast Neoplasms , California , Delivery of Health Care , Emigrants and Immigrants , Family Relations , Loneliness , Mass Screening , Moral Obligations , Risk Factors , Self-Help Groups , Survival Rate
20.
Estud. psicol. (Natal) ; 16(1): 75-82, jan.-abr. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-594456

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar se, para as crianças, haveria obrigação de retribuir um favor, enfocando-se as suas justificativas. Realizaram-se entrevistas individuais com 30 crianças, distribuídas em três grupos etários (5-6, 7-8 e 11-12 anos). Utilizou-se uma história na qual um adulto (benfeitor) ajuda uma criança (beneficiário) e investigou-se se o beneficiário deveria retribuir o favor. Os resultados indicaram uma evolução na forma como as crianças concebem a obrigação de retribuir: (a) todas as crianças de 5-6 anos enfocaram consequências para o benfeitor; (b) esse tipo de justificativa diminui com a idade; (c) a retribuição para evitar o juízo alheio negativo foi a explicação mais encontrada entre as crianças a partir dos 7 anos; (d) a retribuição como um bem moral apareceu apenas entre as crianças de 11-12 anos. Este trabalho contribui para a compreensão das diferenças entre gratidão e obrigação e traz subsídios para intervenções educativas.


The goal of this study was to investigate whether children feel an obligation to return a favor by focusing on their justifications. Individual interviews were conducted with 30 children from three age-groups (5-6, 7-8, and 11-12 years). We used a story in which an adult (benefactor) helps a child (beneficiary) and investigated whether the beneficiary should return the favor. Results demonstrated an evolution in the form in which children conceive of the obligation to return a favor: (a) all the 5- to 6-year-olds focused on the consequences to the benefactor; (b) this justification diminshed over time; (c) returning a favor to avoid a negative judgment was the most common explanation given by children aged 7 and older; (d) returning a favor as a moral value appeared solely among 11- to 12-year-olds. This study contributes to the understanding of differences between gratitude and obligation and has implication for educational interventions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Moral Development , Moral Obligations , Morale , Child
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL